Angkor Wat (or Angkor Vat) is a temple complex at Angkor, Cambodia, built for the king Suryavarman II in the early 12th century as his state temple and capital city. As the best-preserved temple at the site, it is the only one to have remained a significant religious centre since its foundation—first Hindu, dedicated to Vishnu, then Buddhist. The temple is the epitome of the high classical style of Khmer architecture. It has become a symbol of Cambodia, appearing on its national flag, and it is the country's prime attraction for visitors.
Angkor Wat combines two basic plans of Khmer temple architecture: the temple mountain and the later galleried temple, based on early South Indian architecture, with key features such as the Jagati. It is designed to represent Mount Meru, home of the devas in Hindu mythology: within a moat and an outer wall 3.6 kilometres (2.2 mi) long are three rectangular galleries, each raised above the next. At the centre of the temple stands a quincunx of towers. Unlike most Angkorian temples, Angkor Wat is oriented to the west; scholars are divided as to the significance of this. The temple is admired for the grandeur and harmony of the architecture, its extensive bas-reliefs and for the numerous devatas (guardian spirits) adorning its walls.
The modern name, Angkor Wat, in use by the 16th century, means "CityTemple": Angkor is a vernacular form of the word nokor which comes from the Sanskrit word nagara (capital), while wat is the Khmer word for temple. Prior to this time the temple was known as Preah Pisnulok, after the posthumous title of its founder, Suryavarman II.
Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the EiffelTower is the tallest building in Paris. More than 200,000,000 people have visited the tower since its construction in 1889, including 6,719,200 in 2006, making it the most visited paid monument in the world. Including the 24 m (79 ft) antenna, the structure is 324 m (1,063 ft) high (since 2000), which is equivalent to about 81 levels in a conventional building.
When the tower was completed in 1889 it was the world's tallest tower — a title it retained until 1930 when New York City's Chrysler Building (319 m — 1,047 ft tall) was completed. The tower is now the fifth-tallest structure in France and the tallest structure in Paris, with the second-tallest being the Tour Montparnasse (210 m — 689 ft), although that will soon be surpassed by Tour AXA (225.11 m — 738.36 ft).
The metal structure of the EiffelTower weighs 7,300 tonnes while the entire structure including non-metal components is approximately 10,000 tonnes. Depending on the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18 cm (7 in) because of thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun. The tower also sways 6–7 cm (2–3 in) in the wind. As demonstration of the economy of design, if the 7300 tonnes of the metal structure were melted down it would fill the 125 meter square base to a depth of only 6 cm (2.36 in), assuming a density of the metal to be 7.8 tonnes per cubic meter. The tower has a mass less than the mass of the air contained in a cylinder of the same dimensions, that is 324 meters high and 88.3 meters in radius. The weight of the tower is 10,100 tonnes compared to 10,265 tonnes of air.
The first and second levels are accessible by stairways and lifts. A ticket booth at the south tower base sells tickets to access the stairs which begin at that location. At the first platform the stairs continue up from the east tower and the third level summit is only accessible by lift. From the first or second platform the stairs are open for anyone to ascend or descend regardless of whether they have purchased a lift ticket or stair ticket. The actual count of stairs includes 9 steps to the ticket booth at the base, 328 steps to the first level, 340 steps to the second level and 18 steps to the lift platform on the second level. When exiting the lift at the third level there are 15 more steps to ascend to the upper observation platform. The step count is printed periodically on the side of the stairs to give an indication of progress of ascent. The majority of the ascent allows for an unhindered view of the area directly beneath and around the tower although some short stretches of the stairway are enclosed.
Maintenance of the tower includes applying 50 to 60 tonnes of paint every seven years to protect it from rust. In order to maintain a uniform appearance to an observer on the ground, three separate colors of paint are used on the tower, with the darkest on the bottom and the lightest at the top. On occasion the colour of the paint is changed; the tower is currently painted a shade of brownish-grey. On the first floor there are interactive consoles hosting a poll for the colour to use for a future session of painting. The co-architects of the EiffelTower are Emile Nouguier, Maurice Koechlin and Stephen Sauvestre.
Danau Toba adalah sebuah danau vulkanik dengan ukuran panjang 100 kilometer dan lebar 30 kilometer yang terletak di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Di tengah danau ini terdapat sebuah pulau vulkanik bernama Pulau Samosir.
Danau Toba sejak lama menjadi daerah tujuan wisata penting di Sumatera Utara selain Bukit Lawang dan Nias, menarik wisatawan domestik maupun mancanegara.
Diperkirakan Danau Toba terjadi saat ledakan sekitar 73.000-75.000 tahun yang lalu dan merupakan letusan supervolcano (gunung berapi super) yang paling baru. Bill Rose dan Craig Chesner dari Michigan Technological University memperkirakan bahwa bahan-bahan vulkanik yang dimuntahkan gunung itu sebanyak 2.800 km³, dengan 800 km³ batuan ignimbrit dan 2.000 km³ abu vulkanik yang diperkirakan tertiup angin ke barat selama 2 minggu. Debu vulkanik yang ditiup angin telah menyebar ke separuh bumi, dari Cina sampai ke Afrika Selatan. Letusannya terjadi selama 1 minggu dan lontaran debunya mencapai 10 km di atas permukaan laut.
Kejadian ini menyebabkan kematian massal dan pada beberapa spesies juga diikuti kepunahan. Menurut beberapa bukti DNA, letusan ini juga menyusutkan jumlah manusia sampai sekitar 60% dari jumlah populasi manusia bumi saat itu, yaitu sekitar 60 juta manusia. Letusan itu juga ikut menyebabkan terjadinya zaman es, walaupun para ahli masih memperdebatkannya.
Setelah letusan tersebut, terbentuk kaldera yang kemudian terisi oleh air dan menjadi yang sekarang dikenal sebagai Danau Toba. Tekanan ke atas oleh magma yang belum keluar menyebabkan munculnya Pulau Samosir.
Berikut adalah adalah beberapa tempat wisata yang layak Anda kunjungi ketika Anda berada di Kota Palembang yang merupakan kota tua peninggalan Kerajaan Sriwijaya:
